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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The effectiveness of a sanitary pad largely depends on the quality and composition of its raw materials. Understanding these materials helps in evaluating product performance and safety.

Core Components of Sanitary Pads

The primary raw materials used in sanitary pad production include:

• Top Sheet (Cover Layer): Typically made from non-woven polypropylene or perforated film, this layer allows quick liquid absorption while keeping the surface dry.
• Absorbent Core: Composed of wood pulp (fluff pulp) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that trap and retain fluid.
• Back Sheet: A waterproof polyethylene or polypropylene layer that prevents leaks.
• Adhesive: Used to secure the pad to underwear, usually made from pressure-sensitive adhesives.
• Release Paper: Protects the adhesive before use and is typically silicone-coated paper.

Key Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

Each component must meet specific performance criteria:

1. Absorbency

The absorbent core must quickly draw in and retain menstrual fluid. SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, while fluff pulp provides structure and additional absorption capacity.

2. Breathability

Modern pads incorporate breathable back sheets to reduce moisture buildup and improve comfort. This is achieved through microporous films that allow vapor transmission while blocking liquids.

3. Softness

The top sheet must be gentle on skin to prevent irritation. Non-woven materials are often treated to enhance softness while maintaining durability.

4. Odor Control

Some pads include odor-neutralizing agents like activated carbon or baking soda in the absorbent core to minimize menstrual odor.

5. Hypoallergenic Properties

Materials must be dermatologically tested to ensure they don’t cause allergic reactions, especially important for sensitive skin.

Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring sustainable alternatives:

• Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or cotton
• Plant-based SAP derived from starch
• Compostable back sheets made from PLA (polylactic acid)

Understanding sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices about product safety, comfort, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we can expect continued improvements in material composition and performance.